Dry Skin - Xerosis

Dry skin, also known as xerosis, is a common complaint during cold weather, in arid climates and among the elderly. It is caused by water loss from the uppermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum. Environmental factors such as low humidity and excessive exposure to soaps and detergents can foster water loss through damaging the skin barrier. Dry skin is often itchy and xerosis is the most common cause of itchy skin. Dry skin becomes more prevalent during winter months because exposure to both cold windy air and indoor heating is drying to the skin.

Management

Treating dry skin involves replenishing the water content in the skin. This is best achieved by bathing in cooler water with a gentle soap immediately followed by liberal application of moisturizing cream. Excessive washing should be avoided. Environmental modifications such as keeping room temperature as low as comfortable during the winter and the use of room humidifiers can also be beneficial.

Prevention

Consistently adhering to gentle bathing habits and daily use of moisturizer can prevent dry skin problems. Exposed skin should be protected from winter cold through the use of gloves and scarves. For dry skin on the hands, moisturizer should be applied each time the hands are washed. Rubber or vinyl gloves should be worn when cleaning with chemicals or washing dishes. Excessive use of hand sanitizer should be avoided.

Coping

If a patient follows the above recommendations but dry skin persists, evaluation by a dermatology professional may be needed to discover the reason for the persistent xerosis.